|
The crested lark (''Galerida cristata'') is a species of lark distinguished from the other 81 species of lark by the crest of feathers that rise up in territorial or courtship displays and when singing. Common to mainland Europe, the birds can also be found in northern Africa and in parts of western Asia and China. It is a non-migratory bird, but can occasionally be found as a vagrant in Great Britain. ==Taxonomy and systematics== The crested lark was one of the many species originally described by Linnaeus in his 18th-century work, ''Systema Naturae''. He gave it the binomial name ''Alauda cristata''. German naturalist Friedrich Boie placed it in the new genus ''Galerida'' in 1821, but did not define what characters distinguished in from larks in the genus ''Alauda''. Colin Harrison recommended sinking members of ''Galerida'' and ''Lullula'' back into ''Alauda'' in 1865 due to lack of defining characters. Alban Guillaumet and colleagues noted the distinctiveness of populations from the Maghreb - birds in the dryer parts of Morocco and Tunisia had longer bills while those in more coastal northern parts had shorter bills typical of the European subspecies. The authors sampled the mitochondrial DNA and found they were distinct genetically. The Maghreb lark, comprising subspecies ''macrorhyncha'' and ''randonii'', has been found to have diverged 1.9 million years ago and is regarded now by the IOC as a separate species. There are 37 known subspecies of crested lark: *''Galerida cristata cristata'' *''Galerida cristata pallida'' *''Galerida cristata neumanni'' *''Galerida cristata apuliae'' *''Galerida cristata tenuirostris'' *''Galerida cristata meridionalis'' *''Galerida cristata caucasica'' *''Galerida cristata subtaurica'' *''Galerida cristata cypriaca'' *''Galerida cristata zion'' *''Galerida cristata cinnamomina'' *''Galerida cristata magna'' *''Galerida cristata leautungensis'' *''Galerida cristata coreensis'' *''Galerida cristata iwanowi'' *''Galerida cristata lynesi'' *''Galerida cristata kleinschmidti'' *''Galerida cristata riggenbachi'' *''Galerida cristata carthaginis'' *''Galerida cristata balsaci'' *''Galerida cristata arenicola'' *''Galerida cristata helenae'' *''Galerida cristata festae'' *''Galerida cristata brachyura'' *''Galerida cristata nigricans'' *''Galerida cristata maculata'' *''Galerida cristata halfae'' *''Galerida cristata senegallensis'' *''Galerida cristata jordansi'' *''Galerida cristata alexanderi'' *''Galerida cristata isabellina'' *''Galerida cristata altirostris'' *''Galerida cristata somaliensis'' *''Galerida cristata tardinata'' *''Galerida cristata chendoola'' *''Galerida cristata randoni'' *''Galerida cristata macrorhyncha'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「crested lark」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|